A recent study shows that rule breaking and defiance, characteristics often seen in strong-willed children, actually gives them an edge to succeed financially as adults. Researchers explain, "Rule breaking and defiance of parental authority was the best non-cognitive predictor of higher income after accounting for IQ, parental socio-economic status, and educational attainment." They go on to say, "We might assume that students who scored high on this [rebellious] scale might earn a higher income because they are more willing to be more demanding during critical junctures, such as when negotiating salaries or raises."