Now a World Heritage Site listed by UNESCO, Conwy Castle began life as a defence for English King Edward I as he took control of Wales in the 13th century. A century later, his great great grandson, Richard II, sought refuge there as he battled to save his life and his throne. It was already neglected by the time Oliver Cromwell's forces wrecked it during the English Civil War to stop their enemies using it. Painters loved it in the 18th century and now it welcomes tens of thousands of visitors every year.